New Delivery for China Double Row, Aligning, Thrust Ball Bearing, Angular Contact, Pillow Block, Insert, Ball/Cylindrical, Tapered, Spherical, Needle Roller Bearing
We usually believe that one’s character decides products’ high quality, the details decides products’ excellent ,with the REALISTIC,EFFICIENT AND INNOVATIVE staff spirit for New Delivery for China Double Row, Aligning, Thrust Ball Bearing, Angular Contact, Pillow Block, Insert, Ball/Cylindrical, Tapered, Spherical, Needle Roller Bearing, Honesty is our principle, expert operation is our perform, support is our goal, and customers’ fulfillment is our future!
We usually believe that one’s character decides products’ high quality, the details decides products’ excellent ,with the REALISTIC,EFFICIENT AND INNOVATIVE staff spirit for China Thrust Ball Bearing, Thrust Bearing, Insisting over the high-quality generation line management and prospects guide provider, we’ve made our resolution to supply our shoppers using the initially stage purchasing and soon after provider working experience. Preserving the prevailing helpful relations with our prospects, we even now innovate our product lists the many time to meet up with the brand new wants and stick to the latest trend of this business in Ahmedabad. We’re ready to facial area the difficulties and make the transform to grasp many of the possibilities in international trade.
Introduction
The design of double-row angular contact ball bearings is basically the same as that of single-row angular contact ball bearings, but occupies less axial space. The double-row angular contact ball bearing can bear radial load and axial load acting in two directions, it can limit the axial displacement of the shaft or housing in two directions, the contact Angle is 30 degrees. Provides high rigidity bearing configuration, and can withstand overturning torque.
Features and Benefits
Compared with single row angular contact ball bearing, double row angular contact ball bearing has better rigidity and can withstand overturning torque. The bearing is of non-separating type. It is especially suitable for applications with high rigidity requirements.
●Less axial space
Can be used for applications where two single row angular contact ball bearings arranged back-to-back take up too much axial space.
●Accommodates radial as well as axial loads in either direction
●Accommodates tilting moments
●Stiff bearing arrangement
Structural and Features
The inclinability between the inner and outer rings of the double-row angular contact ball bearing is limited. The allowable inclinability depends on the internal clearance, bearing size, internal design and the force and moment acting on the bearing. The maximum allowable inclinability should ensure that the bearing does not generate excessive additional stress.
If there is an inclination Angle between the inner and outer rings of the bearing, it will affect the life of the bearing and cause a decrease in the running accuracy of the bearing and an increase in the running noise. Double row angular contact ball bearings are generally made of nylon or brass retainers. When installing double-row angular contact ball bearings, it should be noted that although the bearing can bear two-way axial load, if there is a ball gap on one side, it should be noted that the main axial load should not pass through the notch on one side of the ditch. Care should be taken to make the raceway on one side without the ball gap bear the main load when the bearing is in use.
Application
Widely used in the front wheel hub of a car.
Application for oil pumps, Roots blowers, air compressors, various transmissions, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery, planetary reducers, extraction equipment, cycloid reducers, food packaging machinery, electric welding machines, electric soldering irons, square boxes, gravity spray guns, Wire stripping machine, half shaft, inspection and analysis equipment, fine chemical machinery.
Parameters
SIZE | DIMENSION | Basic load ratings | Fatigue load limit | Speed ratings | ||||
dynamic | static | Reference speed | Limiting speed | |||||
d[mm] | D[mm] | B[mm] | C[kN] | C0[kN] | Pu[kN] | [r/min] | [r/min] | |
3200 ATN9 | 10 | 30 | 14 | 7.61 | 4.3 | 0.183 | 26000 | 24000 |
3200 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 10 | 30 | 14 | 7.61 | 4.3 | 0.183 | 17000 | |
3201 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 12 | 32 | 15.9 | 10.1 | 5.6 | 0.24 | 24000 | 22000 |
3201 ATN9 | 12 | 32 | 15.9 | 10.1 | 5.6 | 0.24 | 24000 | 22000 |
3201 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 12 | 32 | 15.9 | 10.1 | 5.6 | 0.24 | 15000 | |
3202 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 15 | 35 | 15.9 | 11.2 | 6.8 | 0.285 | 22000 | 18000 |
3202 ATN9 | 15 | 35 | 15.9 | 11.2 | 6.8 | 0.285 | 22000 | 18000 |
3202 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 15 | 35 | 15.9 | 11.2 | 6.8 | 0.285 | 14000 | |
3302 A-2Z | 15 | 42 | 19 | 15.1 | 9.3 | 0.4 | 18000 | 16000 |
3302 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 15 | 42 | 19 | 15.1 | 9.3 | 0.4 | 18000 | 16000 |
3302 ATN9 | 15 | 42 | 19 | 15.1 | 9.3 | 0.4 | 18000 | 16000 |
3302 A-2RS1 | 15 | 42 | 19 | 15.1 | 9.3 | 0.4 | 12000 | |
3302 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 15 | 42 | 19 | 15.1 | 9.3 | 0.4 | 12000 | |
3203 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 17 | 40 | 17.5 | 14.3 | 8.8 | 0.365 | 19000 | 16000 |
3203 ATN9 | 17 | 40 | 17.5 | 14.3 | 8.8 | 0.365 | 19000 | 16000 |
3203 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 17 | 40 | 17.5 | 14.3 | 8.8 | 0.365 | 12000 | |
3303 A-2Z | 17 | 47 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | 0.54 | 17000 | 14000 |
3303 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 17 | 47 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | 0.54 | 17000 | 14000 |
3303 ATN9 | 17 | 47 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | 0.54 | 17000 | 14000 |
3303 A-2RS1 | 17 | 47 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | 0.54 | 11000 | |
3303 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 17 | 47 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | 0.54 | 11000 | |
3204 A | 20 | 47 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 0.55 | 16000 | 14000 |
3204 A-2Z | 20 | 47 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 0.55 | 16000 | 14000 |
3204 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 20 | 47 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 0.55 | 16000 | 14000 |
3204 ATN9 | 20 | 47 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 0.55 | 16000 | 14000 |
3204 A-2RS1 | 20 | 47 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 0.55 | 10000 | |
3204 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 20 | 47 | 20.6 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 0.55 | 10000 | |
3304 A-2RS1 | 20 | 52 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 15.6 | 0.67 | 13000 | 9000 |
3304 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 20 | 52 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 15.6 | 0.67 | 13000 | 9000 |
3304 A | 20 | 52 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 15.6 | 0.67 | 13000 | 13000 |
3304 A-2Z | 20 | 52 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 15.6 | 0.67 | 13000 | 13000 |
3304 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 20 | 52 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 15.6 | 0.67 | 13000 | 13000 |
3304 ATN9 | 20 | 52 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 15.6 | 0.67 | 13000 | 13000 |
3205 A | 25 | 52 | 20.6 | 22 | 15.3 | 0.64 | 12000 | 12000 |
3205 A-2Z | 25 | 52 | 20.6 | 22 | 15.3 | 0.64 | 12000 | 12000 |
3205 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 25 | 52 | 20.6 | 22 | 15.3 | 0.64 | 12000 | 12000 |
3205 A-2RS1 | 25 | 52 | 20.6 | 22 | 15.3 | 0.64 | 8500 | |
3205 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 25 | 52 | 20.6 | 22 | 15.3 | 0.64 | 8500 | |
3305 A-2RS1 | 25 | 62 | 25.4 | 32.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 11000 | 7500 |
3305 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 25 | 62 | 25.4 | 32.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 11000 | 7500 |
3305 A | 25 | 62 | 25.4 | 32.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 11000 | 11000 |
3305 A-2Z | 25 | 62 | 25.4 | 32.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 11000 | 11000 |
3305 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 25 | 62 | 25.4 | 32.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 11000 | 11000 |
3305 ATN9 | 25 | 62 | 25.4 | 32.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 11000 | 11000 |
3206 A-2RS1 | 30 | 62 | 23.8 | 30.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 10000 | 7500 |
3206 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 30 | 62 | 23.8 | 30.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 10000 | 7500 |
3206 A | 30 | 62 | 23.8 | 30.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 10000 | 10000 |
3206 A-2Z | 30 | 62 | 23.8 | 30.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 10000 | 10000 |
3206 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 30 | 62 | 23.8 | 30.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 10000 | 10000 |
3206 ATN9 | 30 | 62 | 23.8 | 30.5 | 22 | 0.93 | 10000 | 10000 |
3306 A | 30 | 72 | 30.2 | 42.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 10000 | 9000 |
3306 A-2Z | 30 | 72 | 30.2 | 42.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 10000 | 9000 |
3306 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 30 | 72 | 30.2 | 42.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 10000 | 9000 |
3306 ATN9 | 30 | 72 | 30.2 | 42.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 10000 | 9000 |
3306 A-2RS1 | 30 | 72 | 30.2 | 42.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 6300 | |
3306 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 30 | 72 | 30.2 | 42.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 6300 | |
3207 A | 35 | 72 | 27 | 40.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 9000 | 9000 |
3207 A-2Z | 35 | 72 | 27 | 40.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 9000 | 9000 |
3207 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 35 | 72 | 27 | 40.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 9000 | 9000 |
3207 ATN9 | 35 | 72 | 27 | 40.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 9000 | 9000 |
3207 A-2RS1 | 35 | 72 | 27 | 40.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 6300 | |
3207 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 35 | 72 | 27 | 40.5 | 30 | 1.27 | 6300 | |
3307 DJ1 | 35 | 80 | 34.9 | 52.7 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 9000 | 8000 |
3307 A | 35 | 80 | 34.9 | 54 | 38 | 1.63 | 8500 | 8500 |
3307 A-2Z | 35 | 80 | 34.9 | 54 | 38 | 1.63 | 8500 | 8500 |
3307 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 35 | 80 | 34.9 | 54 | 38 | 1.63 | 8500 | 8500 |
3307 ATN9 | 35 | 80 | 34.9 | 54 | 38 | 1.63 | 8500 | 8500 |
3307 A-2RS1 | 35 | 80 | 34.9 | 54 | 38 | 1.63 | 6000 | |
3307 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 35 | 80 | 34.9 | 54 | 38 | 1.63 | 6000 | |
3208 A | 40 | 80 | 30.2 | 48 | 36.5 | 1.56 | 9000 | 8000 |
3208 A-2Z | 40 | 80 | 30.2 | 48 | 36.5 | 1.56 | 9000 | 8000 |
3208 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 40 | 80 | 30.2 | 48 | 36.5 | 1.56 | 9000 | 8000 |
3208 ATN9 | 40 | 80 | 30.2 | 48 | 36.5 | 1.56 | 9000 | 8000 |
3208 A-2RS1 | 40 | 80 | 30.2 | 48 | 36.5 | 1.56 | 5600 | |
3208 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 40 | 80 | 30.2 | 48 | 36.5 | 1.56 | 5600 | |
3308 DNRCBM | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 49.4 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 8000 | 7000 |
3308 A | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 65.5 | 48 | 2.04 | 7500 | 7500 |
3308 A-2Z | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 65.5 | 48 | 2.04 | 7500 | 7500 |
3308 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 65.5 | 48 | 2.04 | 7500 | 7500 |
3308 ATN9 | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 65.5 | 48 | 2.04 | 7500 | 7500 |
3308 A-2RS1 | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 65.5 | 48 | 2.04 | 5000 | |
3308 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 65.5 | 48 | 2.04 | 5000 | |
3308 DMA | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 68.9 | 57 | 2.45 | 8000 | 7000 |
3308 DTN9 | 40 | 90 | 36.5 | 68.9 | 57 | 2.45 | 8000 | 7000 |
3209 A | 45 | 85 | 30.2 | 52 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 7500 | 7500 |
3209 A-2Z | 45 | 85 | 30.2 | 52 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 7500 | 7500 |
3209 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 45 | 85 | 30.2 | 52 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 7500 | 7500 |
3209 ATN9 | 45 | 85 | 30.2 | 52 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 7500 | 7500 |
3209 A-2RS1 | 45 | 85 | 30.2 | 52 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 5300 | |
3209 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 45 | 85 | 30.2 | 52 | 41.5 | 1.76 | 5300 | |
3309 DNRCBM | 45 | 100 | 39.7 | 61.8 | 52 | 2.2 | 7500 | 6300 |
3309 A | 45 | 100 | 39.7 | 75 | 53 | 2.24 | 7500 | 6700 |
3309 A-2Z | 45 | 100 | 39.7 | 75 | 53 | 2.24 | 7500 | 6700 |
3309 ATN9 | 45 | 100 | 39.7 | 75 | 53 | 2.24 | 7500 | 6700 |
3309 A-2RS1 | 45 | 100 | 39.7 | 75 | 53 | 2.24 | 4800 | |
3309 DMA | 45 | 100 | 39.7 | 79.3 | 69.5 | 3 | 7500 | 6300 |
3210 A | 50 | 90 | 30.2 | 51 | 42.5 | 1.8 | 8000 | 7000 |
3210 A-2Z | 50 | 90 | 30.2 | 51 | 42.5 | 1.8 | 8000 | 7000 |
3210 A-2ZTN9/MT33 | 50 | 90 | 30.2 | 51 | 42.5 | 1.8 | 8000 | 7000 |
3210 ATN9 | 50 | 90 | 30.2 | 51 | 42.5 | 1.8 | 8000 | 7000 |
3210 A-2RS1 | 50 | 90 | 30.2 | 51 | 42.5 | 1.8 | 4800 | |
3210 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 50 | 90 | 30.2 | 51 | 42.5 | 1.8 | 4800 | |
3310 DNRCBM | 50 | 110 | 44.4 | 81.9 | 69.5 | 3 | 6700 | 5600 |
3310 DMA | 50 | 110 | 44.4 | 93.6 | 85 | 3.6 | 6700 | 5600 |
3310 A-2RS1 | 50 | 110 | 44.4 | 95 | 69.5 | 3 | 6000 | 4300 |
3310 A | 50 | 110 | 44.4 | 95 | 69.5 | 3 | 6000 | 6000 |
3310 A-2Z | 50 | 110 | 44.4 | 95 | 69.5 | 3 | 6000 | 6000 |
3310 ATN9 | 50 | 110 | 44.4 | 95 | 69.5 | 3 | 6000 | 6000 |
3211 A | 55 | 100 | 33.3 | 61 | 52 | 2.2 | 6300 | 6300 |
3211 A-2Z | 55 | 100 | 33.3 | 61 | 52 | 2.2 | 6300 | 6300 |
3211 ATN9 | 55 | 100 | 33.3 | 61 | 52 | 2.2 | 6300 | 6300 |
3211 A-2RS1 | 55 | 100 | 33.3 | 61 | 52 | 2.2 | 4500 | |
3311 DNRCBM | 55 | 120 | 49.2 | 95.6 | 83 | 3.55 | 6000 | 5300 |
3311 DMA | 55 | 120 | 49.2 | 111 | 100 | 4.3 | 6000 | 5000 |
3311 A | 55 | 120 | 49.2 | 112 | 81.5 | 3.45 | 6000 | 5300 |
3311 A-2Z | 55 | 120 | 49.2 | 112 | 81.5 | 3.45 | 6000 | 5300 |
3311 ATN9 | 55 | 120 | 49.2 | 112 | 81.5 | 3.45 | 6000 | 5300 |
3311 A-2RS1 | 55 | 120 | 49.2 | 112 | 81.5 | 3.45 | 3800 | |
3212 A | 60 | 110 | 36.5 | 75 | 64 | 2.75 | 5600 | 5600 |
3212 A-2Z | 60 | 110 | 36.5 | 75 | 64 | 2.75 | 5600 | 5600 |
3212 ATN9 | 60 | 110 | 36.5 | 75 | 64 | 2.75 | 5600 | 5600 |
3212 A-2RS1 | 60 | 110 | 36.5 | 75 | 64 | 2.75 | 4000 | |
3212 A-2RS1TN9/MT33 | 60 | 110 | 36.5 | 75 | 64 | 2.75 | 4000 | |
3312 A | 60 | 130 | 54 | 127 | 95 | 4.05 | 5600 | 5000 |
3312 A-2Z | 60 | 130 | 54 | 127 | 95 | 4.05 | 5600 | 5000 |
3213 A | 65 | 120 | 38.1 | 80.6 | 73.5 | 3.1 | 5600 | 4800 |
3213 A-2Z | 65 | 120 | 38.1 | 80.6 | 73.5 | 3.1 | 5600 | 4800 |
3213 A-2RS1 | 65 | 120 | 38.1 | 80.6 | 73.5 | 3.1 | 3600 | |
3313 DNRCBM | 65 | 140 | 58.7 | 138 | 122 | 5.1 | 5300 | 4500 |
3313 A | 65 | 140 | 58.7 | 146 | 110 | 4.55 | 5300 | 4500 |
3313 A-2Z | 65 | 140 | 58.7 | 146 | 110 | 4.55 | 5300 | 4500 |
3214 A | 70 | 125 | 39.7 | 88.4 | 80 | 3.4 | 5600 | 4500 |
3214 A-2Z | 70 | 125 | 39.7 | 88.4 | 80 | 3.4 | 5600 | 4500 |
3314 A | 70 | 150 | 63.5 | 163 | 125 | 5 | 5000 | 4300 |
3314 A-2Z | 70 | 150 | 63.5 | 163 | 125 | 5 | 5000 | 4300 |
3215 A | 75 | 130 | 41.3 | 95.6 | 88 | 3.75 | 5300 | 4500 |
3215 A-2Z | 75 | 130 | 41.3 | 95.6 | 88 | 3.75 | 5300 | 4500 |
3315 A | 75 | 160 | 68.3 | 176 | 140 | 5.5 | 4500 | 4000 |
3315 A-2Z | 75 | 160 | 68.3 | 176 | 140 | 5.5 | 4500 | 4000 |
3216 A | 80 | 140 | 44.4 | 106 | 95 | 3.9 | 5000 | 4300 |
3316 A | 80 | 170 | 68.3 | 193 | 156 | 6 | 4300 | 3800 |
3217 A | 85 | 150 | 49.2 | 124 | 110 | 4.4 | 4500 | 3800 |
3317 A | 85 | 180 | 73 | 208 | 176 | 6.55 | 4000 | 3600 |
3218 A | 90 | 160 | 52.4 | 130 | 120 | 4.55 | 4300 | 3600 |
3318 A | 90 | 190 | 73 | 208 | 180 | 6.4 | 3800 | 3400 |
3219 A | 95 | 170 | 55.6 | 159 | 146 | 5.4 | 4000 | 3400 |
3319 A | 95 | 200 | 77.8 | 240 | 216 | 7.5 | 3600 | 3200 |
3220 A | 100 | 180 | 60.3 | 178 | 166 | 6 | 3800 | 3200 |
3320 A | 100 | 215 | 82.6 | 255 | 255 | 8.65 | 3400 | 2800 |
3222 A | 110 | 200 | 69.8 | 212 | 212 | 7.2 | 3400 | 2800 |
3322 A | 110 | 240 | 92.1 | 291 | 305 | 9.8 | 3000 | 2600 |
305256 D | 120 | 190 | 66 | 182 | 232 | 8 | 3400 | 3600 |
305286 D | 150 | 225 | 73 | 182 | 265 | 7.5 | 1700 | 2000 |
305283 D | 150 | 230 | 70 | 203 | 285 | 9 | 2800 | 3000 |
305283 DA | 150 | 230 | 70 | 203 | 285 | 9 | 2800 | 3000 |
305608 | 160 | 215 | 56 | 135 | 220 | 6.8 | 2800 | 3000 |
305608 B | 160 | 215 | 56 | 135 | 220 | 6.8 | 2800 | 3000 |
305183 | 160 | 240 | 76 | 234 | 335 | 10 | 2600 | 2800 |
305180 | 170 | 260 | 84 | 281 | 405 | 11.6 | 2400 | 2600 |
305288 DA | 180 | 250 | 70 | 190 | 285 | 8.65 | 2400 | 2600 |
305262 D | 180 | 259.5 | 66 | 225 | 310 | 8.8 | 2400 | 2600 |
305338 D | 190 | 269.5 | 66 | 270 | 415 | 11.6 | 2200 | 2400 |
305428 D | 200 | 279.5 | 76 | 242 | 380 | 10.4 | 1900 | 2400 |
305393 | 200 | 280 | 80 | 242 | 380 | 10.4 | 2200 | 2400 |
305263 D | 200 | 289.5 | 76 | 302 | 475 | 12.9 | 1800 | 2200 |
305263 DA | 200 | 289.5 | 76 | 302 | 475 | 12.9 | 1800 | 2200 |
305272 D | 220 | 309.5 | 76 | 312 | 520 | 13.4 | 2000 | 2000 |
305272 DA | 220 | 309.5 | 76 | 312 | 520 | 13.4 | 2000 | 2000 |
305272 DB | 220 | 309.5 | 76 | 312 | 520 | 13.4 | 2000 | 2000 |
305264 D | 230 | 329.5 | 80 | 351 | 600 | 15.3 | 1900 | 2000 |
305270 D | 260 | 369.5 | 92 | 397 | 710 | 17.3 | 1700 | 1700 |
305269 D | 280 | 389.5 | 92 | 403 | 750 | 18 | 1600 | 1600 |
We usually believe that one’s character decides products’ high quality, the details decides products’ excellent ,with the REALISTIC,EFFICIENT AND INNOVATIVE staff spirit for New Delivery for China Double Row, Aligning, Thrust Ball Bearing, Angular Contact, Pillow Block, Insert, Ball/Cylindrical, Tapered, Spherical, Needle Roller Bearing, Honesty is our principle, expert operation is our perform, support is our goal, and customers’ fulfillment is our future!
New Delivery for China Thrust Ball Bearing, Thrust Bearing, Insisting over the high-quality generation line management and prospects guide provider, we’ve made our resolution to supply our shoppers using the initially stage purchasing and soon after provider working experience. Preserving the prevailing helpful relations with our prospects, we even now innovate our product lists the many time to meet up with the brand new wants and stick to the latest trend of this business in Ahmedabad. We’re ready to facial area the difficulties and make the transform to grasp many of the possibilities in international trade.